The damage-failure criteria for numerical stability analysis of underground excavations: A review

Failure of rock mass in deep underground excavations could be attributed to a broad range performance malfunction, from plastic yielding rock, generation macro cracks on the boundary excavation, gravity driven rockfalls or even complete stress-induced collapse. The failure criteria determine stress level (or strain level) at which loses its load-carrying strain-carrying) capacity. Determination state stability can successfully achieved through implementation appropriate within numerical analyses’ tools. choice analysis plays key role defining behaviour an excavation. A criterion will useful only if selected based correct mechanism failure. Plus, right criterion, significantly reduces errors quantifying behaviour. Therefore, this paper offers critical review most common stress-based and strain-based used excavations. Particular attention is paid characterize different mechanisms recommendations are formulated for each mode. In addition, addresses theoretical considerations applicability highlights practical limitations their implementation.